We investigate rewards to R&D in a model where substitute ideas for innovation arrive to random recipients at random …

costs has no impact at all, in steady-state, on firms' investments in process innovation. We then show that if only a subset … of firms export, a decline in marginal trade costs raises process innovation in exporting firms relative to that of non …-exporting firms. This reallocation of process innovation reinforces existing patterns of comparative advantage, and leads to an …