pressures on employment from participation are two-thirds that of unemployment. Moreover, the participation cycle delays the … recovery in employment because it lags the unemployment cycle. It also amplifies the unevenness of the impact of recessions ….e., the participation cycle, which are important for the implementation of the maximum employment mandate. We show that these …

Demographic differences in patterns of employment variation over the business cycle are examined in this paper. Three … primary conclusions emerge. First, both participation and unemployment must be considered in any analysis of cyclical changes … in the labor market. Second, young people bear a disproportionate share of cyclical employment variation. Third, failure …

We rely on a decomposition of employment changes into job creation and job destruction components - and a novel set of … inferences: 1) The data favor a many- shock characterization of fluctuations in employment and job reallocation, 2) Theories of … employment fluctuations that attribute a predominant role to aggregate shocks must in order to fit the data involve …

This study measures the heterogeneity of establishment-level employment changes in the U.S. manufacturing sector over … reallocation and worker reallocation, to evaluate theories of heterogeneity in plant-level employment dynamics, and to establish …

European unemployment is widely regarded as a problem of excessive real wages. This view as it is usually expressed … unemployed because it suggests that increases in employment will require reductions in the real wages of those currently employed …. The first part of this paper shows that increases in employment in Europe are likely to be associated with rising real …

We revisit the hypothesis that cyclical fluctuations in unemployment are caused by shocks to the discount rate. We use … in the EU rate. The response of the unemployment rate is minuscule. These findings are at odds with the actual behavior … large unemployment fluctuations. We show that aggregate productivity shocks generate the correct comovement between the UE …

record rise in long-term unemployment may yield a persistent residue of long-term unemployed workers with weak search … effectiveness. Second, conventional estimates suggest that the extension of Emergency Unemployment Compensation may have led to a … modest increase in unemployment. Despite these forces, we conclude that the problems facing the U.S. labor market are …

harmed either employment or GDP. Even unemployment benefits do not have robustly negative effects … costly since about 1980, not through overall employment effects, but through the net human-capital cost of protecting senior …