Families in poverty face numerous barriers to establishing stable economic footing. This paper examines the effect of a …

from the analysis. (i) Fiscal expansions led to higher growth rates and reduced negative trade-offs, e.g., pollution and … poor-health mortalities associated with economic growth. (ii) Fiscal adjustments led to a more inclusive economy, lowered … poverty headcounts, improved sanitation, and cleaner technology access. (iii) Fiscal expansions followed an increase in direct …

Conservation programs in low-income countries often have dual goals of protecting the environment and reducing poverty … pure transfers, and the extent of the anti-poverty benefits depends on whether the pure transfers are de facto targeted to …

We propose a new measure of the rate of poverty we call the Supplemental Expenditure Poverty Measure (SEPM) based on … the minimum bundle necessary to meet basic needs. Our measure differs from conventional income and consumption poverty in … both concept and measurement and it has advantages relative to both. Poverty rates using our basic measure are very close …