innovative start-ups in the US. We combine information on international students graduating from Master's programs by university …'s cohorts, resulting in differential foreign students' enrollment. We also use changes in the share of foreign students … each additional ten percentage points of foreign students graduating in a Master's cohort, we find 0.4 additional start …

startups. We draw on a longitudinal survey of over 5,600 foreign and native STEM PhD students at U.S. research universities to … outcomes after graduation. First, we find that foreign PhD students differ from native PhD students with respect to individual … commercialization. Second, foreign PhD students are more likely to express intentions to become a founder or a startup employee prior to …

students who participated in a required course to propose and start a real micro-business that allows us to examine horizontal … cohorts, students were allowed to choose their teams from among students in their section (roughly 90 students). In other … cohorts, students were randomly assigned to teams based upon a computer algorithm. In the cohorts that were allowed to choose …