"Using a comprehensive database of firms in Western and Eastern Europe, we study how the business environment in a …

these factors appear to explain the differences between the US and Europe. Instead, the differences appear to be the result …

happiness,' we find that there is a large, negative and significant effect of inequality on happiness in Europe but not in the … Europe inequality makes the poor unhappy, as well as the leftists. This favors the hypothesis that inequality affects … right). The results help explain the greater popular demand for government to fight inequality in Europe relative to the US …

Europe's protracted political fragmentation. We build a dynamic model with granular geographical information in terms of …'s recurring political unification and Europe's persistent political fragmentation. The existence of a core region of high land …

opportunities to access elite status than Premodern Europe, for example via the civil service exam and the absence of hereditary … differences in the power structure of society: (1) the Ruler enjoyed weaker absolute power in Europe; (2) the People were more on … differences between Imperial China and Premodern Europe, as well as specific institutions such as the bureaucracy in China and the …

Inequalities in life expectancy are starker in the U.S. than in Europe. In 1990 White Americans and Europeans in rich … comparison with Europe suggests that mortality rates of both Black and White Americans could fall much further across all ages …

stabilizers in Eastern and Southern Europe are much lower than in Central and Northern European countries. We also investigate …