The ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 officially granted voting rights to women across the United States …. However, many states extended full or partial suffrage to women before the federal amendment. In this paper, we discuss the … history of women's enfranchisement using an economic lens. We examine the demand-side, discussing the rise of the women …

relative wage and employment of women improves in blue-collar tasks, but not in white-collar tasks. We test our model using a …

higher marriage rates for women and lower for men. Land abundance favored higher fertility. The demands of childcare … opportunities outside the home. Frontier women were less likely to report "gainful employment," but among those who did, relatively … more had high-status occupations. Together, these findings integrate contrasting narratives about frontier women …

appropriate role of women in society. We test the hypothesis that traditional agricultural practices influenced the historical …

expanding a business, conditional on entry, are also substantially higher for women. However, there is one area in which female … composition of female employment. Counterfactual simulations indicate that removing all excess barriers faced by women …

predicts human capital should respond to market returns, social norms (e.g., disapproval of women working outside the home) may … weaken or even sever this link for girls. Though many studies have examined the link between women's wages or labor force … overcome these problems, we provided three years of recruiting services to help young women in randomly selected Indian …

Reducing gender-specific commuting barriers in developing countries has complex and diverse effects on women's labor … dynamics. We study a program that offers free bus rides for women in several Indian states (the Pink Slip program) using a … synthetic difference-in-differences approach to shed light on labor supply and time use decisions of women. We observe decreased …

Women enter retirement having spent fewer years in market work, earned less over their lifetimes, and worked in … many women end up with lower levels of retirement income in old age. We use the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), which … largely between nonmarried men and women. Multivariate models show that 85 percent of this retirement income gap can be …

particular implications for women's time use. In this paper, we document that current patterns of female time use in home … about women's time use in Africa. First, in North Africa, women spend very few hours in market work and female labor force … participation overall is extremely low. Second, although extensive margin participation of women is high in sub-Saharan Africa …

In this paper we examine the economic and family determinants of married women's retirement behavior. A model of wives …' retirement decisions is developed and tested empirically using data on working married women. Estimated response parameters are …