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We propose a test of bias based upon patterns of judicial errors. We model the trial court as minimizing a weighted sum of type I and II errors. We define racial bias a situation where the weight depends on defendant/victim race. If the court is unbiased, the error rate should be independent of...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012461676
Using detailed administrative records, we find that, on average, women receive lighter sentences in comparison with men along both extensive and intensive margins. Using parametric and semi-parametric decomposition methods, roughly 30% of the gender differences in incarceration cannot be...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012455602
Studies of modern misdemeanor adjudication find that courts set bail higher than is required to reasonably assure that nonviolent defendants who pose no immediate threat to the community will appear for trial. Some defendants languish in jail for extended periods during which time they lose...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10015056213
African- American motorist in the United States are much more likely than white motorists to have their car searched by police checking for illegal drugs and other contraband. The courts are faced with the task of deciding on the basis of traffic-search data whether police behavior reflects a...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012471334
effects of officer experience on neighborhood crime. Equalizing officer seniority across districts would reduce violent crime … rate by 4.6 percent and significantly decrease inequality in crime, discretionary arrests, and officer use of force across …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012629463
Canonical models of crime emphasize economic incentives. Yet, causal evidence of sorting into criminal occupations in … formal-sector employment induces crime. Regression discontinuity estimates show this policy generated reductions in formal …-sector employment and a corresponding spike in organized crime, but no effects on crimes of impulse or opportunity …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012480147
We study the spillover effects of prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) on crime, and in the process inform how … of controlled substances. Using information on offenses known to law enforcement and arrests from the Uniform Crime … Reports (UCR), combined with a difference-in-differences empirical strategy, we find that PDMPs reduced overall crime by 5 …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012480628
-or-Practice" investigations on crime and policing. For investigations that were not preceded by "viral" incidents of deadly force, investigations …, on average, led to a statistically significant reduction in homicides and total crime. In stark contrast, all … homicides and total crime. We estimate that these investigations caused almost 900 excess homicides and almost 34,000 excess …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012481518
We build and estimate a dynamic model of teenagers' choices of schooling and crime, incorporating four factors that may …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012482039
Urban crime rates in the United States fell markedly during the 1990s and remain at historically low levels. The … statistical evidence presented here indicates that that decline, like the crime surge that preceded it, has been largely … uncorrelated with changes in socioeconomic conditions across cities. The ups and downs of crime have a considerable effect on …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012464866