With fixed costs of developing technology, taxes can generate large efficiency costs by slowing the rate of diffusion … taxes would have had on broadband Internet access at an early stage of its diffusion around the country, combining data on … costs of entering new markets, taxes would have also delayed entry in several markets. In these places, the lost consumer …

States, focusing on policies in social insurance, education and job training, taxes and cash transfers, and in-kind transfers … expenditures through additional taxes collected and reduced transfers. We find large MVPFs for education and health policies …