analysis of our testable predictions using pharmaceutical data concerning patents, patent expiration, and outsourcing at …

Outsourced workers experience large wage declines, yet domestic outsourcing may raise aggregate productivity. To study … wage premia. Second, outsourcing raises output at the firm level. Third, contractors endogenously locate at the bottom of … the job ladder, implying that outsourced workers receive lower wages. Using firm-level instruments for outsourcing and …

confidential Mexican economic census data from 1994 to 2019, we document a rising trend over this period in on-site outsourcing … domestic outsourcing in 2021, we show that the ban drastically reduced outsourcing, increased wages, and reduced measured …