, particularly tax-smoothing practices. Focusing on democratic representation and control of corruption, our dynamic political …

Adequate wages are an important tool to shield public officials from special interests and corruption. But what is the … significantly more likely to prevent corruption in public procurement, a key area of illicit interactions between the state and … limit corruption, but also foster the use of violence as an alternative tool to influence policymaking …

the recent anti-corruption campaign. An analysis of a separate cross-city dataset corroborates the key conclusion …

arise when monitoring corruption is difficult relative to monitoring the provision of public services, and politically …-important groups of citizens do not bear the full cost of corruption. The existence of such systems can distort the effective incidence … of the tax burden, reduce the incentives of government to fight corruption, and legitimize bribe-taking …

risk, such as corruption, negatively impacts innovation by reducing R&D expenditure, human capital in R&D, number of …

We examine the correlation between gender and bureaucratic corruption using two distinct datasets, one from Italy and a … second from China. In each case, we find that women are far less likely to be investigated for corruption than men. In our … Italian data, female procurement officials are 34 percent less likely than men to be investigated for corruption by …