Europe. There is a nonmonotonic relationship between smoking and income; among richer countries and people, higher incomes … are associated with less smoking. This can account for about one-fifth of the U.S./Europe difference. Almost one-half of …

In the centuries leading up to the Industrial Revolution, Western Europe gradually pulled ahead of other world regions … explain the rise of Europe relative to regions that relied on the transmission of knowledge within extended families or clans …

Tourism today is an activity of substantial economic importance worldwide, and has been for some time. Tourism is also …'s establishing special accounts on travel and tourism. In this paper we investigate the long term rise in overseas travel by … as mass tourism. We document this rise by compiling a long term series on overseas travel, and describe the changes in …

the U.S. and Europe. Another popular view is that these differences are explained by long-standing European "culture," but … the U.S. and Europe. These policies do not seem to have increased employment, but they may have had a more society …

incidence of unusual work times in the U.S. would far exceed those in continental Europe …

Western Europe and the European colonies of North America intensified at the same time these regions experienced the initial …

regions. Even in a free trade regime the removal of the restrictions on labor movements would benefit Europe as a whole by … increasing the GNP of Eastern and Western Europe. Interestingly, we also find that the resulting skilled migration (the so … workers remaining in Eastern Europe as well …