This paper addresses the complex relationship between geography and macroeconomic growth. We investigate the ways in … which geography may matter directly for growth, controlling for economic policies and institutions, as well as the effects … of geography on policy choices and institutions. We find that location and climate have large effects on income levels …

There is controversy about whether geography matters mainly because of its contemporaneous impact on economic outcomes …

that geography's effects on development occurred exclusively through its effects on this historical institutional … in the natural resource base and physical geography (e.g. distance to coast), and by the amplification of those …, technology, and geography, and that none of these alone is sufficient to account for the diverse patterns of global growth. We …

Africa and Sweden to illustrate that inequality dynamics cannot be understood without embedding economic factors in the …

. Multinationals from the United States, Japan and Sweden have all increased their shares of LDC exports of manufactures since the mid …