economics. We found that women in economics were 15% less likely to be promoted to associate professor after controlling for … promotion in other fields including biomedical science, physical science, political science, mathematics and statistics, and …

This paper deals with the effects of labor and transfer incomes as determinants of older women's labor force … participation. It examines the responsiveness of women aged 48-62 to the level of income available from both work and public … of disability-related transfers affects the labor supply of these women. A maximum-likelihood model is estimated …

higher marriage rates for women and lower for men. Land abundance favored higher fertility. The demands of childcare … opportunities outside the home. Frontier women were less likely to report "gainful employment," but among those who did, relatively … more had high-status occupations. Together, these findings integrate contrasting narratives about frontier women …

We investigate women's fertility, labor and marriage market responses to a health innovation that led to reductions in … allow women to start fertility later and invest more in the labor market. We present a new theory of fertility that …

I use the 1993 and 2003 National Surveys of College Graduates to examine the higher exit rate of women compared to men … from science and engineering relative to other fields. I find that the higher relative exit rate is driven by engineering … rather than science, and show that 60% of the gap can be explained by the relatively greater exit rate from engineering of …

that women in science will advance up the academic job ladder beyond their early post-doctorate years, while both marriage …Many studies have shown that women are under-represented in tenured ranks in the sciences. We evaluate whether gender … facts using the 1973-2001 Survey of Doctorate Recipients. We find that women are less likely to take tenure track positions …

Women enter retirement having spent fewer years in market work, earned less over their lifetimes, and worked in … many women end up with lower levels of retirement income in old age. We use the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), which … largely between nonmarried men and women. Multivariate models show that 85 percent of this retirement income gap can be …

particular implications for women's time use. In this paper, we document that current patterns of female time use in home … about women's time use in Africa. First, in North Africa, women spend very few hours in market work and female labor force … participation overall is extremely low. Second, although extensive margin participation of women is high in sub-Saharan Africa …

In this paper we examine the economic and family determinants of married women's retirement behavior. A model of wives …' retirement decisions is developed and tested empirically using data on working married women. Estimated response parameters are …