is causal: a longer period in power increases the chance that a person may start (or continue) a political dynasty …. Therefore, dynastic political power is self-perpetuating in that a positive exogenous shock to a person's political power has … persistent effects through posterior dynastic attainment. In politics, power begets power …

nondemocracy to democracy, alters the distribution of de jure political power, but the elite can intensify their investments in de … we refer to as invariance. When the model is enriched to allow for limits on the exercise of de facto power by the elite … of the exercise of de jure and de facto political power. A change in political institutions, for example a move from …

) and civil society (representing non-elite citizens), where both players can invest to increase their power. The model …

society consists of rich and poor individuals. The rich are initially in power, but expect to transition to democracy, which … rents for bureaucrats than would an efficient state structure. When the poor come to power in democracy, they will reform …

manufacturers' market power. We also find that greater reliance on a specific tax has greater impact on cigarette smoking, but the … impact diminishes with the growth of manufacturers' market power …

The US trade war against China in 2018-2019 can either enhance or diminish the US soft power in China, depending on … the US soft power--is affected by the trade war, utilizing variations across Chinese cities in the exposure to the Trump …

Elite-People relationship can stabilize autocratic rule. If absolute power is stronger, this stabilizing effect will be … opportunities to access elite status than Premodern Europe, for example via the civil service exam and the absence of hereditary … differences in the power structure of society: (1) the Ruler enjoyed weaker absolute power in Europe; (2) the People were more on …