benefit management on behalf of insurance plans serves these and other purposes in both monopoly and oligopoly provider …In theory, equilibrium profits for drug patent holders would not involve significant restraints on production and … through insurance plans. This paper provides a quantitative model consistent with the theory and evidence in which pharmacy …

, suffer a loss, that is not offset by gains to the monopolist. This is the "deadweight loss" from monopoly, and in … conventional analysis the only social cost of monopoly. The loss suffered by those who continue to buy the product at the higher … cost is regarded merely as a transfer from consumers to owners of the monopoly seller and has not previously been factored …

absolute margin. We derive these results in both a monopoly model and a variety of different competitive models. We conclude …

include pre-existing monopoly power as well. We show that the existence of monopoly power has two offsetting effects on … welfare. First, the environmental policy reduces monopoly profits, and the negative effect on income increases labor supply in … interaction with the pre-existing monopoly distortion further exacerbates the labor supply distortion. This second effect is …

aftermarkets? In this paper we explore a number of models characterized by either competition or monopoly in the new-unit market …