consumer surplus bounds. In scanner data we find smaller panel elasticities than cross-section and that soda price increases …

functions for the period from 1975 through 2003. My estimates suggest that changes in price can explain a good deal of the … percent increase in the real price of cigarettes since 1997 due to the Medicaid Master Settlement Agreement explains almost … increase in the real price of beer between 1990 and 1992 due to the Federal excise tax hike on that beverage in 1991 accounts …

response to earn cigarette puffs. Changing the number of responses required per puff is conceptualized as a price manipulation …. Our experiments show that these price increases decrease cigarette consumption and that price elasticity of demand … increases with increases in price. When from 74 different smokers, participating in 17 different experiments, in our laboratory …

expensive for consumers to operate an automobile. In this paper we investigate whether consumers have adjusted to gasoline price … car markets. We find that a $1 increase in gasoline price changes the market shares of the most and least fuel …-efficient quartiles of new cars by +20% and -24%, respectively. In contrast, the same gasoline price increase changes the market shares of …

the price elasticity of demand for each observation and report the average price elasticity across all observations or … report the price elasticity of demand at the mean of the price variable. Policy makers rely on these average price elasticity … estimates for public health and revenue generation purposes. The use of an average price elasticity may yield misleading …

establishments, with price elasticities similar to those found in the US. In addition, higher coal prices are associated with lower …

consumers is a smaller number of processors. The concentrated nature of the meat processing sectors in the United States implies … concentrated meat processing sector would be less vulnerable to the risks of temporary plant shutdowns. We calibrate an economic … shutdown results in a widening of the farm-to-retail price spread even as packer profits fall, regardless of the structure …

U.S. beef cattle stocks are among the most periodic time-series in economics. A theory of cattle cycles is constructed …