This paper studies the economic consequences of the West's foray into China after the Opium War (1839-42), when Western … nature of China's capital markets. Whereas before the Opium War, coastal cities were of relatively minor importance, the … treaty port system of the West transformed China into an economy focused on coastal areas and on international trade that …

Many studies of regional disparity in China have focused on the preferential policies received by the coastal provinces …

-Fraumeni human capital measurement framework and modify it to estimate provincial level human capital in China. We produce a …

in China. A short-lived alliance between the U.S.S.R. and China led to the construction of 150 "Million-Rouble plants" in …

In China, local governments have actively contributed to the growth of new firms. In Russia, local governments have … present in China, but not in Russia. Transition in China has taken place under the tight control of the communist party. As a … behavior of local governments in Russia. First, capture by old firms, leading local governments to protect them from …

real consumption for a select group of nations in Europe and some large countries like China and Russia, but lower in most …

Using both the onset of the US-China trade war in 2018 and the most recent Russia-Ukraine war and associated trade …