government purchases multiplier. But equally crucial is the size of the government purchases multiplicand--the change in … government purchases of goods and services that the multiplier actually multiplies. Using new data from the Bureau of Economic … government purchases multiplier, changes in government purchases have had no material effect on the growth of GDP since the time …

. It uses trade linkages to estimate the multiplier effects of a shock as it is transmitted through other countries' output … multiplier effects are large and significant and can transmit shocks in very different patterns than predicted from a bilateral …-trade matrix. For example, due to these output-multiplier effects, a shock to one country can have a large impact on countries that …

evidence that Japan exported low quality manufactured goods to new, low-income destinations. Instead, reductions in trade costs … helped Japan augment market share. Exit is relatively rare but appears to be determined by market-specific demand …

effects from these partisan differences. First, the transfer multiplier would rise by 0.60 if Republican governors were to … imply variation in the fiscal multiplier of 0.40. Local projection regressions support this prediction …