Two key facts about European unemployment must be explained: the rise in unemployment since the 1960s, and the … heterogeneity of individual country experiences. While adverse shocks can potentially explain much of the rise in unemployment … institutions pre-date the rise in unemployment. Based on a panel of institutions and shocks for 20 OECD nations since 1960, we find …

finds equivocal effects on other aggregate outcomes, such as employment and unemployment. Given weaknesses in the cross …

taxes. Our interest is to understand to what extent these reforms helped reduce Chile's rate of unemployment from European … decentralization of bargaining increased labor market flexibility and contributed to the reduction of unemployment. Our analysis … suggests that the reform on job security had no significant effect on the aggregate rate of unemployment …

, permanent unemployment subsidies, firing costs, etc. Such policies create incentives to develop and adopt labor saving capital …