substantial "offset" effects in terms of increased hospital utilization in response to the combination of higher copayments for …

hospital-insurer bargaining over premiums and reimbursements, household demand for insurance, and individual demand for … with the remaining insurers. We also document substantial heterogeneity in hospital price adjustments upon the removal of …

condemnation of this practice has been the court's belief in what has come to be known as the "leverage theory" of tying: that is … power to foreclose sales in, and thereby monopolize, a second market. In recent years, however, the leverage theory has come … used by the critics of the leverage theory which all assume that the tied good market has a competitive, constant returns …

to obtain Sleep discounts off list prices from providers. I study hospital responses to the advent of price competition … in California over the 1984-1988 period. I note that, due to the nature of hospital bargaining with PPOs, hospitals … should face more competitive pressure in hospital markets that arc more competitive ex-ante. This hypothesis is supported by …

for surgical ones. We further use a 2008 policy where Medicare implemented financial penalties for certain hospital …

first to use hospital data to examine the impact of this legislation on insurance coverage, utilization patterns, and … hospital discharges in Massachusetts, the reform decreased uninsurance by 36% relative to its initial level. We also find that … hospital level and find that hospital cost growth did not increase after the reform in Massachusetts relative to other states …

changes in hospital costs. I exploit an exogenous 1988 policy change that generated large price changes for 43 percent of all …

hospitals. We construct indices of health plan generosity and the price and volume of hospital services using data from Truven … generosity facilitates the exercise of hospital market power, IV estimates show a statistically significant and economically … important positive effect of plan generosity on hospital prices in uncompetitive markets, but not in competitive markets. Our …

hospital financial data to study the resulting uncompensated care, medical care for which no payment is received. We use both … person costs local hospitals $900 each year in uncompensated care. Similarly, the closure of a nearby hospital increases the … uncompensated care costs of remaining hospitals. Increases in the uninsured population also lower hospital profit margins, which …