, and the United Kingdom, but not in Japan. The observed increases in external orientation are in terms of industry export … shares, import penetration, and imported input use in production. United States industries have experienced a particularly … past two decades. Although similar manufacturing industries have strong export orientation in all countries, across …

relationships and the addition of new products to existing relationships in driving long-run import flows. Moreover, we find that …

surprisingly unstable: Export ranks are not persistent, and new top products and destinations replace old ones. Measurement error … of this instability: Only 20% of the variation in export growth can be explained by variation in comparative advantage … (source-by-product factors), while another 20% of the variation in export growth can be explained by variation in bilateral …

Network connections within MNCs seem to improve export market shares for Asian affiliates of those MNCs. In particular …, Asian affiliates of U.S. MNCs export more to markets where their parent firms' exports to affiliates are larger, and less to … markets where their parent firms export more to non-affiliates. However, the latter effect is much smaller per dollar of …

direct investment by U.S. firms and the export trade of the United States, a subject of bitter controversy for at least the … last fifteen years. Changes over time in trade flows and trade balances are influenced by trends in productivity in the …

mismatches are associated with significant productivity losses …

productivity of the firm as well as its export behavior. The first effect can be understood as the re-assignment of offshore …This paper explores the impact of immigrants on the imports, exports and productivity of service-producing firms in the … productive tasks to immigrant workers. The second can be seen as a productivity or cost cutting effect due to immigration, and …