determinant of shipping costs. Improving port efficiency from the 25th to the 75th percentile reduces shipping costs by 12 percent … explain variations in port efficiency and find that they are linked to excessive regulation, the prevalence of organized crime …

theory to capture port technology, with tools from demand estimation. We use our framework, together with a collection of … unveils three policy-relevant messages: (i) investing in port infrastructure can lead to substantial trade and welfare gains …) there are sizable spillovers across ports, as investing in one port can decongest a wider set of ports, suggesting that …

"This paper studies the cycles of nationalization and privatization in resource-rich economies. We discuss available … evidence on the drivers and consequences of privatization and nationalization, review the existing literature, and present … of the observed cycles of privatization and nationalization, and is consistent with a variety of observed phenomena …

investigate the demand for the rule of law in post-Communist economies after privatization under the assumption that theft is …

This paper investigates a unique policy designed to maintain employment during the privatization of East German firms …