This paper reviews recent literature on China's macroeconomic development, emphasizing the critical role of the … gradualist approach over the past four decades. Beyond China's structural transformation, we explore various aspects such as high … illustrates how China's gradual policy reforms, amidst highly imperfect financial markets, have effectively helped spur GDP growth …

The main focus of this paper is on the process and progress of economic reform in Russia. But I start with four … historical questions that bear on the current situation. How advanced was Russia in 1913? What relevance, if any, does the New … 1970s and 1980s? What role did Gorbachev's policies play in bringing about the final collapse of the Soviet Union? Russia …

added production function of the State Owned (SOE) and Foreign-Funded Enterprises (FFE) in China, 1980s-2007. The transition … associated with the economic reforms in China is estimated applying a curvilinear logistic function, where the speed and the …

that the only industries in which listed companies in China display strong performance are public utilities, transportation …