This paper reviews both theory and empirical work on economic growth and the environment. We develop four simple growth … potentially refutable predictions on abatement costs, pollution levels, or emission intensities …

, species extinction and industrial pollution were rising. Recently it has been intensified by the creation of the World Trade … hampered by the lack of a common language and also suffered from little recourse to economic theory and empirical evidence. The … international trade. We critically review both theory and empirical work to answer three basic questions. What do we know about the …

relationship has been called the out a simple and straight-forward static model of the microfoundations of the pollution-income …

between income level and pollution). The new specification enables us to draw conclusions from fixed effects estimation. In …

model, which we dub the Green Solow', generates an EKC relationship between both the flow of pollution emissions and income … per capita, and the stock of environmental quality and income per capita. The resulting EKC may be humped shaped or … closely related to tests of income convergence employed in the macro literature. Preliminary tests of the model's predictions …

measures of air pollution such as SO2 concentrations. Perceptions that WTO panel rulings have interfered with the ability of …

height and per capita income. The relationships among income, nutrition, medical care, and height at the individual level … suggest that average height is nonlinearly related to per capita income and that the distribution of income is an important … determinant of average height. Empirical analysis rests on 56 height studies and per capita income estimates for 20 developed or …

measures of air pollution. Statistical significance is lacking for Particulate Matter, but is moderate for NO2, and high for SO … evidence that trade has the detrimental effect on the environment that the race-to-the-bottom theory would lead one to expect …. The larger effect appears to come via income itself: our results generally support the environmental Kuznets curve, which …

-regulating' in the sense that as income increases, pollution controls also increase. However, this intuition is somewhat misleading …The most recent addition to the economics of gloom concerns the interplay between income and environmental degradation … industrialization. Will pollution continue to increase without bound as more and more countries pass through the development phase or …

various environmental indicators and the level of a country's per capita income. Our study covers four types of indicators …: concentrations of urban air pollution; measures of the state of the oxygen regime in river basins; concentrations of fecal … come before a country reaches a per capita income of $8,000 …