of both data and estimation. We find that expected risk-free rates vary dramatically over time, unlike short interest …

States, Canada, Germany, and several other OECD countries during and after the Great Recession of 2008-09. Unemployment rates … did not change substantially in Germany, increased and remained at relatively high levels in the United States, and … increased moderately in Canada. More recent data also show that, unlike Germany and Canada, the U.S. unemployment rate remains …

Barro (1991), except that migration out of East Germany has not slowed down. I document that in particular the 18-29 year … old are leaving East Germany, and that the emigration has accelerated in recent years. I document that low wages, high … unemployment and increasing reliance on social security persist across wide regions of East Germany together with these migration …