Accurate estimation of air quality impacts on health outcomes is critical for guiding policy choices to mitigate such … damages. Estimation poses an empirical challenge, however, because local economic activity can simultaneously generate changes … causal impact of air quality on infant mortality across Sub-Saharan Africa. Combining detailed information on nearly 1 …

Fertility decisions are often made by partners who may disagree. We develop a model in which an initial gender gap in … ideal fertility prevents effective communication between spouses about the costs of childbearing incurred by women. This … mechanism is likely to further widen the spousal disagreement over fertility in environments where maternal health risk is high …

Much of Africa has not yet gone through a "demographic transition" to reduced mortality and fertility rates. The fact … that the continent's countries remain mired in a Malthusian crisis of high mortality, high fertility, and rapid population …, econometric estimation is complicated by endogeneity among fertility and other variables of interest. We attempt to improve …

This paper examines the impact of New Deal relief programs on infant mortality, noninfant mortality and general … fertility rates in major U.S. cities between 1929 and 1940. We estimate the effects using a variety of specifications and … relief spending during the New Deal contributed to reductions in infant mortality, suicide rates, and some other causes of …

poor health of young slave children. The sources of deprivation can be traced to the fetal period. The slave work routine …

-monotonically with parental income, and that children of parents in the top ventile of the income distribution have higher rates of low … birth weight and preterm birth than those in the bottom ventile. However, unlike birth outcomes, infant mortality varies … between income and maternal mortality. At the same time, these disparities by parental income are small when compared to …

outcomes. We find that child-mortality patterns mirror those of breastfeeding with respect to gender and its interactions with … female child mortality in India, or about 22,000 "missing girls" each year …Medical research indicates that breastfeeding suppresses post-natal fertility. We model the implications for …

This paper documents a counter-cyclical pattern in the health of children, and examines whether this pattern is due to … post-neonatal mortality. These health improvements are attributable both to selection (differences in the type of mothers … constrained (and therefore opt out of fertility in times of high unemployment) …

-infant mortality, and fertility. For 111 cities for which data on relief spending during the 1930s were available, we collected annual …s. A five-equation structural model is estimated that tests the effect of the relief spending on infant mortality, non … sales, which serve as a proxy for the level of economic activity. Relief spending directly lowered infant mortality rates to …