STEM PhDs /Ina Ganguli and Patrick Gaulé --II. Immigration policy and innovation.High-skill immigration, innovation, and … and Chungeun Yoon --III. Immigration and entrepreneurship.Immigrant entrepreneurs and innovation in the U.S. high … the links between immigration policy in determining who can come into the country and the rate of innovation among …

We characterize the contribution of immigrants to US innovation, both through their direct productivity as well as … Number is assigned. We find immigrants represent 16 percent of all US inventors, but produced 23 percent of total innovation … premature inventor deaths, we find that immigrant inventors create especially strong positive externalities on the innovation …

disaggregates "R" from "D" to study how US firms adjust their innovation investments in response to an external increase in funding …

externalities but also by innovation market failures. This paper maps the economics literature on innovation market failures and …

reduces carbon emissions by inducing substitution away from coal. Yet, the natural gas boom discourages innovation directed at …

We document that monetary policy has a substantial impact on innovation activities. After a tightening shock of 100 …-based aggregate innovation index, declines by up to 9 percent in the following 2 to 4 years. Based on previous estimates of the … sensitivity of output to innovation activities, these magnitudes imply that output could be 1 percent lower after another 5 years …