implies case fatality rates below 0.2 percent and a limit of less than 800 deaths per million for Sweden. We also characterize …

patent citation data, using same-MSA and co-ethnicity as proxies for spatial and social proximity, respectively, to estimate …

flows from university inventions through two important channels: non-market 'spillovers' exemplified by patent citations and …

We compare the geographic location of patent citations to those of the cited patents, as evidence of the extent to …

smaller cities. We analyze the idea inputs of nearly every US patent granted during 1836-2010. We find that a larger city size …

identifies a number of specific fact patterns under which the current U.S. patent system allows patent holders to capture private … deadweight loss associated with the patent system and discourage innovation by others. Economic efficiency is promoted if rewards … to patent holders are aligned with and do not exceed their social contributions. This paper analyzes two major reforms to …

consumption effects, e.g. the analysis of the welfare effects of patent regulations. This paper analyzes the joint problem of the …