for participants in the Health and Retirement Study to investigate redistribution under the current social security … high lifetime earnings to those with low lifetime earnings. However, much of this apparent redistribution is from men to … the total lifetime earnings, and spouse and survivor benefits are taken into account, the extent of redistribution from …

of the population, its cause was unknown. Many contemporaries blamed the Jews. Cities all over Germany witnessed mass … indicator for medieval anti-Semitism. Pogroms during the Black Death are a strong and robust predictor of violence against Jews … higher deportation rates for Jews after 1933, were more likely to see synagogues damaged or destroyed in the 'Night of Broken …

Preferences for redistribution, as well as the generosities of welfare states, differ significantly across countries … 1990, East Germans lived under a Communist regime with heavy state intervention and extensive redistribution. We find that …, after German reunification, East Germans are more in favor of redistribution and state intervention than West Germans, even …

We study the history and geography of wealth accumulation in the US, using newly collected historical property tax … records since the early 1800s. The US General Property Tax was a comprehensive tax on all types of property (real, personal …. Before the Civil war, enslaved people were assessed as personal property of the enslavers, representing almost one-half of …