in the United States. We also find that inequality has increased substantially more in Russia than in China and other ex …-income taxpayers) in order to provide consistent series on the accumulation and distribution of income and wealth in Russia from the …-communist countries in Eastern Europe. We relate this finding to the specific transition strategy followed in Russia. According to our …

The main focus of this paper is on the process and progress of economic reform in Russia. But I start with four … historical questions that bear on the current situation. How advanced was Russia in 1913? What relevance, if any, does the New … 1970s and 1980s? What role did Gorbachev's policies play in bringing about the final collapse of the Soviet Union? Russia …

best, particularly in comparison with that of China. Comparing these countries and reviewing the literature, we conclude … gained from trade, and by some measures, more so than China. We sketch out a theory in which developing countries can grow … continuing reforms, Chinese growth is likely to slow down sharply, perhaps leaving China at a level less than Mexico's real GDP …

This paper reviews recent literature on China's macroeconomic development, emphasizing the critical role of the … gradualist approach over the past four decades. Beyond China's structural transformation, we explore various aspects such as high … illustrates how China's gradual policy reforms, amidst highly imperfect financial markets, have effectively helped spur GDP growth …

In China, local governments have actively contributed to the growth of new firms. In Russia, local governments have … present in China, but not in Russia. Transition in China has taken place under the tight control of the communist party. As a … behavior of local governments in Russia. First, capture by old firms, leading local governments to protect them from …