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effects of compulsory licensing under the US Trading-with-the-Enemy Act on invention in Germany. We find that compulsory … of patent-owners - discourages invention. Our analysis exploits new historical data on German patents to examine the … licensing was associated with a 28 percent increase in invention. Historical evidence indicates that, as a result of war …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012457226
At least since Arrow (1962), the effects of appropriability on invention have been well studied, but there has been … terminate or commercialize the invention is driven by the current market value of the invention, as well as the option value of …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012468963
success of the invention. Prize-oriented institutions thus appear to be less systematic and not as market-oriented as patent …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012457935
Novel early stage ideas face uncertainty on the expertise needed to elaborate them, which creates a need to circulate them widely to find a match. Yet as information is not excludable, shared ideas may be stolen, reducing incentives to innovate. Still, in idea-rich environments inventors may...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012461715
This paper argues that the ability to keep innovations secret may be a key determinant of patenting. To test this hypothesis, the paper examines a newly-collected data set of more than 7,000 American and British innovations at four world's fairs between 1851 and 1915. Exhibition data show that...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012465356
What form of intellectual property rights (IPR) policy contributes to economic growth? Should technological followers be able to license the products of technological leaders? Should a company with a large technological lead receive the same IPR protection as a company with a more limited lead?...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012465887
technologies and focused their energy and resources on invention itself. Firms responded to the expansion of this trade by … ease of integrating invention and production within the firm, we reverse the story. Economic actors at that time had a lot …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012472837
We employ the 1860 Census of Manufactures to study rural antebellum manufacturing in the South and Midwest, and find that manufacturing output per capita was similar across regions in counties specialized in the same agricultural products. The southern deficit in manufactures per capita appears...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012475850
compulsory invention secrecy reduced follow-on invention and restricted commercialization, but as part of the security policies … results shed light on the consequences of invention secrecy, which is widely used by inventors to protect and appropriate the …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012479499
Continuations allow inventors to claim technology developed after the original filing date of their patent, leading to concerns about inadvertent infringement and hold-up. We use the link between patents and standards created by the disclosure of standard essential patents (SEPs) to analyze the...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012481234