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Does Digital Trade Change the Purpose of a Trade Agreement?
Staiger, Robert W. - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2021
The design of a trade agreement should reflect its purpose. Does digital trade change the purpose of a trade agreement? To explore this question, I first describe the definitional and classification issues associated with digital trade, and for modeling purposes I adopt a simple taxonomy of the...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012794606
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Subsidy Agreements
Bagwell, Kyle - 2004
rules with the creation of the WTO. Our results suggest that, although GATT subsidy rules were typically viewed as weak and … inadequate while the WTO subsidy rules are seen as representing a significant strengthening of multilateral disciplines on … subsidies, the key changes introduced by the WTO subsidy rules may ultimately do more harm than good to the multilateral trading …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012468402
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On the Role and Design of Dispute Settlement Procedures in International Trade Agreements
Maggi, Giovanni - 2008
Formal economic analysis of trade agreements typically treats disputes as synonymous with concerns about enforcement. But in reality, most WTO disputes involve disagreements of interpretation concerning the agreement, or instances where the agreement is simply silent. And some have suggested...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012464579
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International Standards and International Trade : Empirical Evidence from ISO 9000 Diffusion
Clougherty, Joseph A. - 2012
Empirical scholarship on the standards-trade relationship has been held up due to methodological challenges: measurement, varied effects, and endogeneity. Considering the trade-effects of one particular standard (ISO 9000), we surmount methodological challenges by measuring standardization via...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012460527
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Conditional cash transfers in education design features, peer and sibling effects evidence from a randomized experiment in Colombia
Barrera Osorio, Felipe (contributor) - 2008
"We evaluate multiple variants of a commonly used intervention to boost education in developing countries -- the conditional cash transfer (CCT) -- with a student level randomization that allows us to generate intra-family and peer-network variation. We test three treatments: a basic CCT...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010521179
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Should the Government Subsidize Supply or Demand in the Market for Scientists and Engineers?
Romer, Paul M. - 2000
This paper suggests that innovation policy in the United States has erred by subsidizing the private sector demand for scientists and engineers without asking whether the educational system provides that supply response necessary for these subsidies to work. It suggests that the existing...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012471027
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Trade, Income Inequality, and Government Policies : Redistribution of Income or Education Subsidies?
Janeba, Eckhard - 2000
inequality aversion and financing the subsidy is not too distortive …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012471291
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Share Pledging in China : Funding Listed Firms or Funding Entrepreneurship?
He, Zhiguo; Liu, Bibo; Zhu, Feifei - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2022
This paper studies the connection between share pledging and entrepreneurial activities in China, challenging the common wisdom that share pledging funds circle back to the listed firms. Share pledging funds are at the discretion of the shareholders who pledge their publicly traded shares, and...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012938700
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The 2021 Paycheck Protection Program Reboot : Loan Disbursement to Employer and Nonemployer Businesses in Minority Communities
Fairlie, Robert W.; Fossen, Frank M. - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2022
Was the $278 billion reboot of the $800 billion Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) in early 2021 disbursed equitably to minority communities? This paper provides the first analysis of how PPP funds were disbursed to minority communities in the third and final round of the program, which was...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012938701
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Racial Disparities in the Paycheck Protection Program
Chernenko, Sergey; Scharfstein, David - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2022
Using a large sample of Florida restaurants, we document significant racial disparities in borrowing through the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) and investigate the causes of these disparities. Black-owned restaurants are 25% less likely to receive PPP loans. Restaurant location explains 5...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012938717