tuberculosis drugs, we show that there is an immediate and large increase in licensing by generic firms when a patent is included … in the Medicines Patent Pool (MPP). The effect is heterogeneous across countries. The findings are robust to …

international patent applications in the US, Japan, the European Patent Office, and corresponding filings in three developing … undertake detailed analyses of patent prosecution in the three developing countries. Our analyses indicate that measures to … procedural aspects of patent systems, beyond the formal policies targeting secondary applications, that affect outcomes for these …

pharmaceuticals that were compliant with the 1995 Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). We combine … pharmaceutical product sales data for India with a newly gathered dataset of molecule-linked patents issued by the Indian patent … office. Exploiting variation in the timing of patent decisions, we estimate that a molecule receiving a patent experienced an …

We examine whether medical innovation can reinforce existing health disparities by disproportionately benefiting …

We analyze the effects on consumers of an extreme policy experiment -- Napsterizing' pharmaceuticals -- whereby all … patent rights on branded prescription drugs are eliminated for both existing and future prescription drugs without … compensation to the patent holders. The question of whether this policy maximizes consumer welfare cannot be resolved on an a …