that centers on the existence of an increasingly efficient market for bank shares. The stock market was important because …

We use exogenous variation in the degree of restrictions to bank competition across Italian provinces to study both the … effects of bank regulation and the impact of deregulation. We find that where entry was more restricted the cost of credit was … increase in bad loans. In provinces where restrictions to bank competition were most severe, the proportion of bad loans after …

It is often argued that branching stabilizes banking systems by facilitating diversification of bank portfolios … quantitatively more important than geographical diversification for bank stability in the 1920s and 1930s …

This paper provides the first comprehensive econometric analysis of the causes of bank distress during the Depression …. We assemble bank-level data for virtually all Fed member banks, and combine those data with county-level, state … bank failure. We construct a model of bank survival duration using these fundamental determinants of bank failure as …

of creating an oligopoly. We assembled a data set that compares bank failures, lending rates, interest paid on deposits …

This paper studies the role of bank affiliations in mitigating frictions related to asymmetric information. The … analysis focuses on Massachusetts, and tests whether firms with bank directors on their boards fared better following the Panic … percent of all non-financial corporations in the state had a bank director on their board in 1872. These firms survived the …

quality of bank assets and management. All three types of information were useful for gauging the condition of the bank, and … affected bank behavior, including a publicly observable signal (skipping a dividend payment). Participants in the market for … bank liabilities reacted to this signal in ways that promoted market discipline …

from the 1890s, a period when there were no distortions from deposit insurance or government interventions to assist banks …