system, and second, that presidents have more power with respect to their own coalition than prime ministers do. These … setting power to another group. We argue that the model is consistent with a great deal of qualitative information about …

stronger, and the Ruler's incentive to promote such symmetry will be greater. The theory explains the power structure … differences in the power structure of society: (1) the Ruler enjoyed weaker absolute power in Europe; (2) the People were more on … par with the Elites in China in terms of power and rights. Based on these narratives, we build a game-theoretical model …

that they are chosen because they serve the interests of politicians or social groups holding political power, at the …: parties holding political power cannot make commitments to bind their future actions because there is no outside agency with …

and others in specialization. Our theory throws light on the nature of hierarchy, the optimal degree of decentralization …

political power decides the allocation of resources. We show that Pareto efficient allocations take a quasi-Markovian structure … and can be represented recursively as a function of the identity of the group in power and updated Pareto weights. For … disappear and labor supply and consumption levels fluctuate over time. The labor supply of groups that are not in power are …

theoretical results are summarized in a number of propositions. We discuss the implications of the theory, comment on its relation …

public schooling. We develop a theory which integrates private education and fertility decisions with voting on public … political power can lead to multiple equilibria in the determination of public education spending. The main predictions of the … theory are consistent with state-level and micro data from the United States as well as cross-country evidence from the PISA …

unanticipated) changes in the distribution of political power and in economic structure. We focus on the Markov Voting Equilibria …, which require that economic and political changes should take place if there exists a subset of players with the power to … institutions as well as individual types can be ordered, and preferences and the distribution of political power satisfy natural …

of the exercise of de jure and de facto political power. A change in political institutions, for example a move from … nondemocracy to democracy, alters the distribution of de jure political power, but the elite can intensify their investments in de … facto political power, such as lobbying or the use of paramilitary forces, to partially or fully offset their loss of de …