aggregate supply, productivity, and demand shocks. We estimate a large increase in the failure rate of SMEs under COVID-19 of …

This paper compares the role innovation plays in productivity across the four European countries France, Germany, Spain … still rare. We apply a structural model that describes the link between R&D expenditure, innovation output and productivity … (CDM model). Our econometric results suggest that overall the systems driving innovation and productivity are remarkably …

accounts). We use survey data on household portfolios for the U.S., Canada, Australia, the U.K., Germany, France, Italy, and … Spain to document the share of such households across countries, their demographic characteristics, the composition of their …

We study the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on total factor productivity (TFP) of domestic firms using a new …

total factor productivity (TFP) and by the capital stock per capita. These variables suffice to calculate welfare changes …