of female rule on war among European polities over the 15th-20th centuries. We utilize gender of the first born and … more likely to engage in war than polities led by kings. Moreover, the tendency of queens to engage as aggressors varied by … aggressive war policies …

conflicts in Europe, North Africa, and the Near East from 1400-1900, which we merge with historical temperature data. We show …

powers, the government was able to fund the war by borrowing and levying taxes. In major wars, however, there came a point …

Much of the increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity has been in developing countries with a history of … study grandsons born to grandfathers who served in the Union Army during the US Civil War (1861-5) where some grandfathers …

The end of World War II brought a flood of returning veterans to America's colleges and universities. Yet, despite … evidence about the question of whether military service, combined with the availability of post-war educational benefits, led … structure of the draft during the World War II period and the changing manpower requirements in the armed forces to address the …

and II, which would seemingly increase uncertainty. In a seminal paper, Schwert (1989) identified the "war puzzle" as one …