. The numerical analysis literature offers many reliable methods, and should be used because alternatives derived from … difference methods from numerical analysis produces far superior approximations than do simple discrete-time systems …

How do communication costs affect the production of new ideas and inventions? To answer this question, we study the … showing how a fall in communication costs can increase the rate at which scientific knowledge is exchanged and new ideas and …

analysis is done for a small, open economy. The existence of such costs can justify tariff and inflation tax policies as …This paper derives the dependency of optimal tariff and inflation tax on tax collection and enforcement costs. The … inflation and tariffs as revenue devices. The analysis derives elasticity rules that tie optimal tariff and inflation rates to …

costs and quantities. Unfortunately, neither in ordinary language nor in the jargon of moral philosophy can such ultimate … desiderata as liberty and justice be related to costs or quantities. Hence in the first section we sketch a model of social …

We propose a model to identify the causes of rising profits and concentration, and declining entry and investment in … and concentration and recovers shocks to entry costs. We validate our approach by showing that the model-implied entry … shocks correlate with independently constructed measures of entry regulation and M&A activities. We conclude that entry costs …