The second half of the twentieth century saw large-scale suburbanization in the United States, with the median share of … methodology for discriminating between the three leading explanations for this suburbanization (workplace attractiveness …, residence attractiveness and bilateral commuting frictions). This methodology holds in the class of spatial models that are …

This paper presents evidence that job suburbanization caused significant declines in black employment from 1970 to 2000 … stable segregation suggests job suburbanization may have increased black-white labor market inequality. Exploiting variation … across metropolitan areas, I find that job suburbanization is associated with substantial declines in black employment rates …

their counterfactual implications. Applying our methodology to US Commuting Zones, we find that difference …

evidence on the role of these commuting flows in supporting such concentrations of economic activity. Steam railways … buildings in Greater London by 20 percent or more, and brings down commuting into the City of London from more than 370,000 to …

now working from home, including 35.2% who report they were commuting and recently switched to working from home. In … between the fraction in a state still commuting to work and the fraction working from home. We find that the share of people …

We study optimal dynamic lockdowns against Covid-19 within a commuting network. Our framework integrates canonical … districts before gradual relaxation, while in Seoul it imposes low temporal but large spatial variation. Actual commuting …