exports from Vietnam. Tariff reductions led to entry of foreign and private firms and to employment expansion in formal …

A large literature has documented an association between economic growth and export diversification. We study this …

experience of real exchange rate appreciation and currency diversification following the increase in oil exports and the partial … exports in terms of oil is also the premium of the black market rate over the official exchange rate. The effects of various …

-existent, under-developed or emerging regulatory oversight, notably Africa. This paper assesses the quality of 1470 antibiotic and … tuberculosis drug samples that claim to be made in India and were sold in Africa, India, and five mid-income non-African countries … distribution of these substandard products is not random: they are more likely to be found as unregistered products in Africa than …

We establish the following stylized facts: (1) Exports are characterized by Big Hits, (2) the Big Hits change from one … are inconsistent with the traditional view that sees African exports as a passive commodity endowment, where changes are … driven mostly by global commodity prices. In order to better understand the determinants of export success in Africa we …

value-for-money for projects funded by national governments and foreign aid donors. This paper uses policy and experimental …