It is difficult for private agents to produce money that circulates at par with no questions asked. We study two cases … of privately-produced money: pre-Civil War U.S. private banknotes and modern stablecoins. Private monies are introduced … more money-like, but they do not always achieve a positive convenience yield. Technology advances and reputation formation …

annual wholesale price indexes for the period 1948-76. The data on money shocks are the unanticipated money growth series … results are negative. They reject the hypothesis that unexpected money shocks, as measured by Barro, affect price dispersion …

magnitude of the unperceived money growth. The testing of this hypothesis requires two preliminary steps. First, a price … unperceived money growth. This estimation implies the postulation of an available information set and also a function relating the … variables in this set to money creation. The function used was based on considerations related to government demand for revenue …

We formulate a generalization of the traditional medium-of-exchange function of money in contexts where there is … imperfect competition in the intermediation of credit, settlement, or payment services used to conduct transactions. We find … that the option to settle transactions directly with money strengthens the stance of sellers of goods and services vis …

functions of money. So-called stable coins are intended to bridge this gap, but whether they can be successfully scaled up and …

An indexed unit of account is a money analogue, used to express prices; the unit's" purchasing power is defined by an … index. Indexed units of account are not true money in that" they are not used as a medium of exchange. The first successful … units to be used for" all transactions, so that the role of conventional money might be reduced to clearing-house" functions …

We present an infinite horizon model with capital in which fiat money and barter are two competing means of payment …. Fiat money has value because barter is limited by the extent of a double coincidence of wants. The pattern of exchange … generally involves both money and barter. We find that the Chicago rule is sufficient for Pareto efficiency, while nominal …