different regions of the world. The fraction of gender inequality explained by child penalties varies systematically with … minuscule fraction of gender inequality. But as economies develop -- incomes rise and the labor market transitions from … gender inequality. Because parenthood is often tied to marriage, we also investigate the existence of marriage penalties in …

gender reforms, which have the potential to counteract legal gains in women's freedoms, and help explain why potential …

Actual and perceived gender norms are key to understanding gender inequality in society. In this paper, using newly … collected nationally representative datasets from 60 countries that cover over 80% of the world population, we study gender …, prioritizing women when hiring for leadership positions. We establish that misperceptions of gender norms are pervasive across the …

This paper explores how historical gender roles become entrenched as norms over the long run. In the historical United … States, gender roles on the frontier looked starkly different from those in settled areas. Male-biased sex ratios led to …--some emphasizing their entrepreneurial independence, others their prevailing domesticity. The distinctive frontier gender roles, in …