Over half of the U.S. population receives health insurance through an employer, with employer premium contributions … the labor market to explore how this uniquely American approach to financing health insurance contributes to labor market … inequality. We consider a partial-equilibrium counterfactual in which employer-provided health insurance is instead financed by a …

survey questions in the spirit of the contingent valuation approach allow us to measure the full non-pecuniary benefits of …

Using administrative data on health insurance, retirement, and leave benefits, we find within-firm variation accounts … for a dramatically lower percentage of total variation in benefits than in wages. We also document sharply higher between …-firm variation in nonwage benefits than in wages. We argue that this pattern can be a consequence of nondiscrimination regulations …

on several economically-important beliefs and preferences. Among many results, non-binary individuals report more gender …-based discrimination and express different career and life aspirations, including less desire for children. Anti-non-binary sentiment is …

transitioning out of the workforce. These results are consistent with the findings that licensed workers receive more benefits in … the form of preferable retirement options, suggesting that these workers tend to have higher wages, benefits, and …