Bursztyn, Leonardo; Handel, Benjamin R.; Jiménez … - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2023
show that, in the presence of such spillovers to non-users, standard measures that take aggregate consumption as given fail … spillovers, which we apply to estimate the consumer surplus of two popular social media platforms, TikTok and Instagram. In large … surplus, our measure accounting for consumption spillovers indicates a negative surplus, with a large share of active users …