promotion standards are chosen to maximize profit, the standards will reflect gender in ways that are difficult to distinguish …

of everyone else. According to the income comparisons model, this change in transparency can widen the gap in well … this effect relates to changes in self-perceptions of relative income. We provide back-of-the-envelope estimates of the … importance of income comparisons, and discuss implications for the ongoing debate on transparency policies …

In the U.S., analyses of poverty rates and the effects of anti-poverty programs rely almost exclusively on income data … mothers. Our earlier work did not show that income and consumption differ in practice. Here we further examine data quality … issues and show that important conclusions about recent trends depend on whether one uses consumption or income. Changes in …

We study "habituation" to income and to status using individual panel data on the happiness of 7,812 people living in … Germany from 1984 to 2000. Specifically, we estimate a "happiness equation" defined over several lags of income and status and … compare the long run effects. We can (cannot) reject the hypothesis of no adaptation to income (status) during the four years …

consumption is rarely measured because its collection requires a great deal of survey time. As a result income has been widely … used to assess economic well-being and poverty rates. Yet, because households can use wealth to consume more than income …, an income-based measure of well-being could yield misleading results for many households, especially at older ages. We …

This paper studies the links between income, sexual behavior and reported happiness. It uses recent data on a random …. Greater income does not buy more sex, nor more sexual partners. The typical American has sexual intercourse 2-3 times a month …

We evaluate consumption and income measures of the material well-being of the poor. We begin with conceptual and … pragmatic reasons that favor income or consumption. Then, we empirically examine the quality of standard data by studying … aggregates. We also compare low reports of income and consumption to other measures of hardship and well-being. The closer link …

, income and well-being. The main innovation of the paper, relative to earlier studies of subjective well-being, lies in its …

's effects on city-level measures of income, property values, employment and poverty rates, and population. The estimated effects … on income, property values, and population are positive and economically significant. They are not driven by changes in …