provided. We test both hypotheses using calibrated general equilibrium models of the British economy and the rest of the world …

This paper discusses the effects of budget deficits on the economy in four steps. First, it reviews standard theory … about how budget deficits influence saving, investment, the trade balance, interest rates, exchange rates, and long …-term growth. Second, it offers a rough estimate of the magnitude of some of the effects. Third, it discusses how budget deficits …

tuberculosis drug samples that claim to be made in India and were sold in Africa, India, and five mid-income non-African countries … in India or non-African countries. Since this finding is robust for manufacturer-drug fixed effects, one likely …

India was a major player in the world export market for textiles in the early 18th century, but by the middle of the 19 … some decline, and India underwent secular de-industrialization as a consequence. While India produced about 25 percent of … organize our thinking about the relative role played by domestic and foreign forces in India's de-industrialization. The …

work and policy discussions often highlight marginal propensities for expenditure (MPX), which incorporate spending on a …

Expenditure visibility--the extent to which a household's spending on a consumption category is noticeable to others …-average spending. Jointly, these visibility measures explain up to three quarters or more of the observed variation in total-expenditure …

consumption by about 11 percent. Households at the top end of the covariance distribution who are likely to have owned large homes … before moving get the largest reductions, of up to 40 percent relative to households at the median …

affect total expenditures in households headed by low-educated single mothers. However, patterns of expenditure did change … well-being and expenditure patterns of poor single-mother families. Our research suggests that welfare reform did not …