paper investigates whether bank ties in Japan were costly for mature and healthy firms in the 1980's and 1990's, and whether … banks continued to facilitate investment once non-bank financing options became available. Using the explicit bond issuing … much larger for main bank client firms, once bond market access is controlled for. This result, coupled with results on the …

We draw on stylized facts from the finance literature to build a model where altering the relative costs of bank and … both the largest and smallest firms. In contrast, reducing the frictions involved in bank lending promotes the expansion of …---promoting bond issuance causes exit while cheaper bank credit induces entry. When reducing transactions costs in one market, the …

since the mid-1930s when banks invented the term loan. Concurrently, bank innovation first involved the invention of credit … analysis and covenant design. Later, bank innovation included the advent of loan sales, increased loan syndications, the … calibrate a model of bank innovation to determine the quantitative contribution of bank innovation to economic growth …

established through bank-to-bank lending and provide evidence to support this claim. To analyze dynamics of formation of such …

effects from cross-border bank takeovers with those of cross-border lending by banks located overseas, which in most cases …

We examine the impact of bank supervision on the financing obstacles faced by almost 5,000 corporations across 49 …. Finally, we find that bank supervisory agencies that force accurate information disclosure by banks and enhance private …

The past decade has seen significant changes in the structure of the corporate lending market, with non-bank … institutional investors playing larger roles than they historically have played. These non-bank institutional lenders typically have … higher required rates of return than banks, but invest in the same loan facilities. We hypothesize that non-bank …