The ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 officially granted voting rights to women across the United States …. However, many states extended full or partial suffrage to women before the federal amendment. In this paper, we discuss the … history of women's enfranchisement using an economic lens. We examine the demand-side, discussing the rise of the women …

relative wage and employment of women improves in blue-collar tasks, but not in white-collar tasks. We test our model using a …

higher marriage rates for women and lower for men. Land abundance favored higher fertility. The demands of childcare … opportunities outside the home. Frontier women were less likely to report "gainful employment," but among those who did, relatively … more had high-status occupations. Together, these findings integrate contrasting narratives about frontier women …

that changes in the status of women are driving fertility change. At low levels of female status, women specialize in … household production and fertility is high. In an intermediate phase, women have increasing opportunities to earn a living … increased opportunity cost in women's foregone wages with no decrease in time allocated to childcare. We see the lowest …

Discrimination against women has been alleged in hiring practices for many occupations, but it is extremely difficult … players in 1970 but are 25% today. We ask whether women were more likely to be advanced and/or hired with the use of blind …

This paper reports on a small-scale audit study that investigates sex discrimination in restaurant hiring. Comparably … matched pairs of men and women applied for jobs as waiters and waitresses at 65 restaurants in Philadelphia. The 130 … applications led to 54 interviews and 39 job offers. The results provide statistically significant evidence of sex discrimination …

Economic theories of discrimination are usually based on tastes. The huge body of empirical studies, however, considers … examines tastes for discrimination directly, or considers people's willingness to trade off other characteristics to indulge …

Women enter retirement having spent fewer years in market work, earned less over their lifetimes, and worked in … many women end up with lower levels of retirement income in old age. We use the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), which … largely between nonmarried men and women. Multivariate models show that 85 percent of this retirement income gap can be …