is causal: a longer period in power increases the chance that a person may start (or continue) a political dynasty …. Therefore, dynastic political power is self-perpetuating in that a positive exogenous shock to a person's political power has … persistent effects through posterior dynastic attainment. In politics, power begets power …

society consists of rich and poor individuals. The rich are initially in power, but expect to transition to democracy, which … rents for bureaucrats than would an efficient state structure. When the poor come to power in democracy, they will reform …

nondemocracy to democracy, alters the distribution of de jure political power, but the elite can intensify their investments in de … we refer to as invariance. When the model is enriched to allow for limits on the exercise of de facto power by the elite … of the exercise of de jure and de facto political power. A change in political institutions, for example a move from …

) and civil society (representing non-elite citizens), where both players can invest to increase their power. The model …

of the effects of drug and alcohol consumption on violence may be biased because of the possibility that both behaviors … consumption in the violence equation. This technique allows the consumption measures to be purged of their correlation with …

criminal violence in different countries around the world. The positive association between alcoholic beverage consumption and … violence is well documented, as is the negative relationship between the quantity of alcohol consumed and its price. These two … incidence of criminal violence. The data come from the 1989 and 1992 International Victimization Surveys. The sample used in …

violence on college campuses. The principal hypothesis tested is that the incidence of violence is negatively related to the … alcohol and violence and the negative relationship between the use of alcohol and its price. The data employed in the study … adverse consequences of its use. These adverse consequences include the following indicators of violence: getting in trouble …