the gaps remain large, they were essentially unchanged between 2010 and 2015. I assess this flattening over time in higher … education wage premiums with reference to two related explanations for changing U.S. employment patterns: (i) a shift away from … demand for advanced cognitive skills ("skill downgrading"). Analyses of wage and employment data from the U.S. Current …

.e., underemployment). These options reduce the chances of falling in the lower end of the wage distribution as a college graduate …

unemployment, which further reduces skills and potential earnings via a scarring effect. As unemployed low skilled men give up job …

employment, average hours worked, physical capital accumulation and, most importantly, total factor productivity and its skill … existence of communities of immigrants before 1960, as instruments. We find no evidence that immigrants crowded-out employment …-biased technology as the theory of directed technologial change would predict. Combining these effects, an increase in employment in a …

In this paper we use indirect inference to estimate a joint model of earnings, employment, job changes, wage rates, and … although job seniority and job mobility also play significant roles. Unemployment shocks have a large impact on earnings in the … changes and unemployment make a large contribution to the variance of career earnings and operate mostly through the job …